剑桥工业创新政策研究所：2023年英国创新报告（英文版）

Substantial and widening productivity gaps are observed between London and the rest of the UK.  London and the South East of England are the UK regions with the highest labour productivity levels, showing annual values of £80,034 and £59,709 value added per job in 2019. In contrast, Wales, the North East of England, and Yorkshire and the Humber have among the lowest productivity levels, around £47,000 in 2019.  In 1999 labour productivity in Wales represented 65% of that observed in London;