Rand兰德：2025年人工智能算法进展及近期发展预测研究报告（英文版）

With recent advancements in commercial products, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Anthropic AI’s Claude, Meta’s Llama, and other large language models, the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) has expanded in the public discourse. And, as AI capabilities develop, there has been increasing concern about their security implications. In this report, we survey algorithmic improvements from numerical analysis, operations research, and computer science; identify some common channels of advancement; and t