Allianz安联：2025年从艰难减排到全面脱碳：欧洲工业行业的转型战略研究报告（英文版）

• Four hard-to-abate industries (aluminum, ammonia, steel and cement) will play a pivotal role in Europe‘s green transformation. First, they are major energy consumers and carbon emitters. While the industrial sector as a whole accounted for 25% of the EU-27‘s final energy consumption in 2023 and 19% of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, these four industries alone are responsible for 7.7% of energy consumption and 9.7% of emissions. Second, they are providers of indispensable inputs to gree