国际清算银行：让我们说同样的语言：一个正式定义的模型来描述和比较支付系统架构（英文版）

Proposals for new payment system architectures abound. To understand their opportunities and challenges, it is paramount to be able to describe and compare them in a consistent and standardised manner. This paper therefore proposes a formally defined model to represent three key functions of payment system architectures: issuance/withdrawal, holding and transfer of funds. The model defines payment diagrams, using a precisely defined syntax. We illustrate the application of these diagrams for