欧洲央行：全球利润转移的证据以及跨时间的全球证据（英文版）

Large global companies commonly engage in tax planning strategies to move their profits from high-tax countries to low-tax (or no-tax) countries to reduce the amount of taxes they pay. Such “shifting” of profits across borders within multinational enterprises is known as “profit shifting”. Such profit-shifting practices cost governments billions of US dollars in lost tax revenues annually. This has triggered policy changes from governments to contain this practice. The most prominent policy c