世界经济论坛：2023能源转型中的矿产安全问题报告（英文版）

The world is on an ambitious path to decarbonize and achieve net-zero emissions. However, critical minerals essential for key emissions-reduction technologies may be in short supply by 2030. Historical underinvestment in mining and exploration, as well as supply chain disruptions, are already creating demand-supply gaps. So are lengthy lead times between exploration and production, on top of the fact that often these minerals have complex orebodies, making them difficult and costly