地球系统科学数据：2023年全球碳预算报告（英文版）

Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production

data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-use and land-use

change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate

(GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is estimated with

global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based f CO2 produ