国际商会ICC：2025年供应链中的数据流动：实际状况与政策影响报告（英文版）

Cross-border data flows are essential to modern supply chains, enabling real-time coordination, logistics, compliance, and customer responsiveness. • Growing regulatory fragmentation, including data localisation mandates, inconsistent privacy laws, and incompatible standards, acts as a non-tariff barrier to trade. These restrictions increase costs, reduce supply chain visibility, and undermine global competitiveness. • Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) are disproportionately