英国财政研究所（IFS）：警察基础设施，警察绩效和犯罪：紧缩政策的证据（英文版）

Leveraging unprecedented austerity cuts, this paper studies how the closure of over 70% of local police stations – while keeping officer numbers constant – affects crime, police effectiveness, civilian cooperation, and residents’ welfare. Combining geo-referenced crime records and victimization survey data, I find that reduced proximity to stations persistently increases violent crime and reduces police effectiveness. A spatial model of crime and policing highlights heterogeneous shifts in crimi