欧洲经济政策研究所：新冠疫情危机，意大利和默克尔的转变：欧盟还会一样吗？（英文版）

The European debt crisis has brought about permanent changes in the Eurozone (EZ). The no-bailout rule was—de facto—removed, new institutions such as the ESM and the banking union were designed and partially implemented, new monitoring and surveillance schemes, such as the macroeconomic imbalance procedure, were introduced. In this way, the functioning of the EZ has been irreversibly transformed. Now, as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, a new—even more devastating—crisis has hit the EU