国际商会ICC：2025年加强边境诚信：贸易便利化在反腐败斗争中的作用报告（英文版）

Integrity is fundamental to sustainable trade and economic growth. Corruption, in its various forms, undermines this foundation by increasing costs, creating inefficiencies, and eroding trust in institutions. Globally, bribery alone costs about US$1.2 to US$1.5 trillion which is around 2% of global GDP. 1 Corruption refers either narrowly to bribery or more broadly to any perversion of integrity. It tends to thrive in environments, such as borders, where procedures are complex and management