Bruegel：2025年中美欧关键技术前沿创新领先企业比较研究报告（英文版）

Quantum computing, semiconductors and artificial intelligence are at the centre of the United States-China technology rivalry. They are foundational technologies with large spillover effects and potential gains in productivity, and are therefore essential to the technological autonomy of any major economy. Some have even argued that economic singularity – the point at which machine intelligence is capable of innovating autonomously and beyond human capabilities – will result from progress