世界银行：2025年打破障碍：理解和解决社会规范对中东和北非妇女工作的制约报告（英文版）

Female labor force participation (FLFP) for working-age women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remains the lowest in the world, at around 20 percent, compared to 55 percent globally (ILO, 2025). Despite significant improvements in female education and decline in fertility rates over the past 25 years, these changes have not translated into higher labor force participation for women in MENA. While general attitudes toward women’s work are not particularly negative in the region,