ResearchInChina：2024-2025年端到端自动驾驶行业报告（摘要版）（英文版）

There are two types of end-to-end autonomous driving: global (one-stage) and segmented (two-stage) types. The former has a clear concept, and much lower R&D cost than the latter, because it does not require any manually annotated data sets but relies on multimodal foundation models developed by Google, META, Alibaba and OpenAI. Standing on the shoulders of these technology giants, the performance of global end-to-end autonomous driving is much better than segmented end-to-end autonomous driving,