国际教育成就评价协会（IEA）：ICCS 2022年技术报告（英文版）

How is civic and citizenship education implemented in participating countries? This includes the aims and principles of civic and citizenship education, curricular approaches, changes, and developments since the 2009 and 2016 cycles, and perceptions the roles of civic and citizenship education. 2. What is the extent and variation of students’ civic knowledge within and across participating countries? This includes variations in civic knowledge associated with student characteristics and backg