Rand兰德：2025年探索生物学的攻防平衡报告（英文版）

I n this piece, we examine how the offense-defense balance, a framework commonly applied to conventional and strategic military domains, informs our understanding of the biological threat landscape. As advancements in synthetic biology and related enabling technologies lower barriers to both pathogen engineering and pharmaceutical development, it is important to understand how these advances shift the balance between attackers and defenders. This high-level qualitative assessment identifies f