世界银行：2024现金或实物转移报告：结果是否因转移方式而异？（英文版）

Three forms of transfer modalities are assessed in this brief: cash, voucher, and in kind. Unlike cash transfers, which allow beneficiaries to choose how to spend the transfer, in-kind transfers supply people with food, physical capital, assets, materials, or training. This review considers only a subset of in-kind transfers—those that provide a material good. Agricultural or other livelihood training without the provision of inputs, for instance, and other types of trainings, public works progr