世界银行：领土不等式：关于国家不连续性的注记（英文版 ）

When the state does not reach with the same effectiveness everybody and everywhere, it creates pockets of exclusions and hampers the opportunities of individuals belonging to the excluded groups to participate fully economically, socially, and politically. This paper develops an index to measure state discontinuity, defined as the uneven presence and responsiveness of the state across the territory. Different layers of capacity, service provision, and responsiveness determine the density of s