世界银行：2025年税收和转移支付对巴基斯坦不平等和贫困的影响报告（英文版）

This study assesses the impact of fiscal policy in Pakistan - taxes, social expenditures, and subsidy expenditures - on poverty and inequality using the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Methodology. Results show that fiscal policy increased the national poverty headcount and left inequality largely unchanged during fiscal year 2019 (spanning July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019). The net effect of the fiscal system is to increase the poverty headcount ratio at the national poverty line by approximately t