EFPIA：2023年巡航旅游对美国经济的贡献报告（英文版）

The first channel—direct— relates to the economic activity supported by expenditures directly linked to the cruise industry. This includes passenger spending, cruise line operational and capital purchases, and wagelinked consumption by cruise line employees. Additionally, we quantify direct cruise line employment and associated wages within this study where appropriate. INDIRECT IMPACT The second channel— indirect—captures supply chain effects that follow on from direct impacts, for example, pur