麦肯锡：2025年限制出口管制如何重塑市场报告（英文版）

For example, export controls shaped the race to deploy mobile-communications infrastructure and are molding the global semiconductor, AI, and quantum computing industries. Legacy industries are also caught up in export controls, such as encryption rules that affect nearly all commercial software products. Moreover, governments continue to expand restrictions on the entities to which domestic companies can sell even purely civilian items. Since 2019, the United States has more than doubled the