国际货币基金组织：锻造力量：探索制度与国家能力之间的动态互动（英文版）

This paper examines the distinct and interactive effects of state capacity (SC) and institutional quality (IN) on real GDP per capita growth across up to 130 countries over the period 1970–2022. Using a novel identification strategy that isolates large, exogenous governance shocks via both residual-based and percentile-based approaches, we estimate dynamic responses using local projections. We find that SC and IN shocks yield positive and persistent growth effects, particularly in emerging an