国际货币基金组织：人口动态、劳动力市场一体化和移民：北马其顿共和国（英文版）

The population of North Macedonia has been steadily declining over the past two decades and is projected to continue to decline into the foreseeable future due to emigration. This paper estimates an expected cost of the population decline on potential output growth of around 0.5 percentage points. The paper employs a structural model of the European labor ma