欧洲央行：2022年和2023年欧元体系货币政策工具的使用及其货币政策实施框架（英文版）

The Eurosystem implements its monetary policy through a set of monetary policy instruments (MPIs). The period covered by this report (2022-23) was dominated by high inflation, which led to a change from an easing to a tightening monetary policy environment in line with the mandate of the European Central Bank (ECB) to pursue price stability. This report focuses on the accompanying shift in the use of MPIs. Key ECB interest rates were hiked to an unprecedented extent and at exceptional speed,