未来能源研究所：2025年对于气候和贸易政策，“共同但有区别的责任”原则是双向的报告（英文版）

Because countries decarbonize at different rates, leakage—the displacement of emissions as emitters respond to the costs of climate policy—has become a concern (Elkerbout 2024). Leakage is a potential problem in the European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK), where manufacturers face carbon costs through domestic carbon pricing programs but importers of similar goods do not. Even in countries with no domestic carbon price, differences in average carbon intensity between domestic and foreign