国际清算银行：保护金融系统的备胎：数字时代监管非银行零售贷款机构（英文版）

Non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs) comprise a range of entities with various business models that play a critical role in the financial system. The universe of NBFIs includes all financial intermediaries that are not banks. They encompass firms that are subject to traditional financial sector regulation, such as insurers and securities firms, as well as non-bank lenders that may be subject to a patchwork of regulatory rules. According to the Financial Stability Board (FSB), NBFIs held