巴德学院利维经济研究所：2025年改善物质和社会基础设施的宏观经济和微观经济影响报告（英文版）

Our previous research has revealed that employed women are more prone to encounter time deficits in meeting their responsibilities of unpaid household and care work (referred to as “household production” hereafter) than employed men in a variety of national contexts.1 We have also shown that taking account of time deficits in the assessment of poverty alters the picture regarding consumption poverty. The official estimates of poverty considerably undercount the consumption-poor and notably un