CSET：2025年先进空间技术：美国国家安全的挑战与机遇报告（英文版）

The U.S.-government-designed uncrewed Surveyor moon lander program first flew in 1966 and cost $658 million per lander in 2024 dollars.1 The government-designed Apollo missions cost $23 billion per launch when adjusted to 2020 dollars. Since then, NASA has taken a different approach: in February 2024, the company Intuitive Machines successfully delivered a lander to the surface of the moon, fulfilling an agency contract costing just $118 million. 2 Today, U.S. companies find themselves fulfil