Rand兰德：评估2023年无线紧急警报（WEA）系统全国测试的公众覆盖范围：全国调查结果报告（英文版）

the United States uses a complex set of emergency alert tools run by federal, state, and local agencies, as well as private companies, to alert the public to urgent situations. At the federal level, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)'s Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). IPAWS includes the Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) system, a national public warning system that targets and localizes alerts to