循环经济基金：2025年“矿产安全” 电动汽车电池矿产政策报告（英文版）

This paper discusses the nature of quantity and price risks from the exercise of market power over critical minerals, with an emphasis on the minerals used for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The focus is especially on risks involving China since that country holds large shares in the processing and extraction of several battery minerals. Quantity risk is the threat of selective interruptions in the supply of critical minerals available to target countries. Price risk is the threat of higher