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英语音标与发音规则教程

英语音标与发音规则教程

  • 课程主讲:赵奂
  • 所属机构:
  • 所属分类:英语基础

英语音标与发音规则教程的相关介绍

      1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 0-01

      2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。

      例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

      ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

      例如:长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther

      短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02

      3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 0-03

      4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.

      ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 0-04

      5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup 0-05

      6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

      例如:´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed

      含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:

      a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor 0-06

      7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

      例如:´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion

      词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scien´tific im´pression ´nation

      一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

      元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号

      a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 1-01

      在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02

      e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 1-03

      在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04

      i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05

      在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06

      o 在开音节中 [u] those close go hoe home no 1-07

      在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock 1-08

      u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09

      在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10

      在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 1-11

      二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

      元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号

      a [] China another woman breakfast 2-01

      [i] orange comrade village cabbage 2-02

      e [] hundred student open moment 2-03

      [i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04

      i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal 2-05

      [ai] exercise satellite 2-06

      o [] second tonight somebody welcome 2-07

      [u] also zero photo 2-08

      u [] autumn difficult 2-09

      [ju(:)] popular congratulation January 2-10

      动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate 2-11

      u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 2-12

      在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。

      三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

      元音字母

      读 音

      例 词

      编 号

      a在[w]音后面

      []

      want what watch wash quality

      3-01

      a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

      [α:]

      after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

      3-02

      i在-nd -ld和gh前

      [ai]

      find child light high

      3-03

      o在-st -ld前

      [ou]

      most postcard old cold

      3-04

      o在m n v th前

      []

      come monkey love mother

      3-05

      四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

      元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号

      ar

      ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener 4-01

      [:] warm quarter towards 4-02

      or

      or在[w]音后面 [:] forty morning short 4-03

      [:] word worker worse 4-04

      er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05

      辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry berry mirror sorry hurry

      4-06

      -r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday

      五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

      元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号

      are [ε] care dare hare 5-01

      ere [i] here mere 5-02

      ire [ai] fire hire wire 5-03

      ore [:] more score before 5-04

      ure [ju] pure cure 5-05

      完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure

      非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]音,例如:salary 5-06

      重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。

      例如:parent zero inspiring story during

      5-07

      某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

      例如:orange very American paragraph forest spirit 5-08

      六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

      元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号

      ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play 6-01

      air [ε] air hair chair pair repair 6-02

      al

      al在f m前

      [:] small ball talk wall all 6-03

      [:l] always also salt almost 6-04

      [α:] half calm 6-05

      au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06

      ea [i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07

      [e] heavy bread sweater weather 6-08

      [ei] break great 6-09

      ear [i] hear dear near clear year 6-10

      [ε] bear pear wear swear 6-11

      [:] earth learn early 6-12

      ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13

      eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14

      ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6-15

      eu/ew

      在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper 6-16

      [u:] flew brew jewelry 6-17

      ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field receive seize 6-18

      oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-19

      oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20

      oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6-21

      oo [u:] broom food tooth school 6-22

      [u] book look cook foot good 6-23

      ou/ow [au] flower house count down 6-24

      [u] know row throw though 6-25

      [] young country enough 6-26

      [u:] group you soup through 6-27

      our [:] course your four 6-28

      [au] our hour ours 6-29

      [:] journey 6-30

      ui

      ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition 6-31

      [u:] juice fruit suit 6-32

      九、辅字组的读音

      辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号

      b [b] bike bus bag 9-01

      [/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02

      c

      c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03

      [s] face decide cinema 9-04

      ch [] much chick rich teacher 9-05

      [k] school headache chemistry 9-06

      [] machine Chicago

      9-07

      -ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08

      d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09

      -dge [] bridge fridge 9-10

      dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11

      f [f] five four breakfast 9-12

      g

      g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go 9-13

      [] orange large German 9-14

      -gh

      gh- [f] cough enough rough 9-15

      [] sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16

      gu- -gue [] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17

      [w] language anguish penguin 9-18

      h [h] hot head house hand 9-19

      [/] hour honest honor 9-20

      j [] jeep jar joke join July 9-21

      k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22

      kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23

      l [l] life milk school tall 9-24

      m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25

      -mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26

      n

      n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9-27

      [?] uncle thank hungry 9-28

      -ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29

      p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30

      ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31

      -q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32

      qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33

      r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34

      s在音节开头或清辅音前

      在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35

      [z] music husband 9-36

      sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37

      [s] muscle science 9-38

      sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39

      t在通常情况下

      在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-40

      [] patient nation 9-41

      tch

      [] watch catch match 9-42

      th在通常情况下

      在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

      在词尾-the -ther中

      [θ] thin thirty method 9-43

      [ð] the these with than 9-44

      [ð] clothe father weather 9-45

      tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46

      v [v] very voice love leave 9-47

      w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48

      [/] answer two 9-49

      wh-

      wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9-50

      [h] who whose whole 9-51

      x

      在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-52

      [gz] example exist exact 9-53

      wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54

      y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55

      z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56