美国国家标准与技术研究所：2025年硬件安全结构的衡量标准与方法白皮书（英文版）

Although hardware is commonly believed to be security-resilient, it is often susceptible to vulnerabilities that arise from design and implementation flaws. These flaws can jeopardize the hardware’s security, its operations, and critical user information. This investigation presents a comprehensive methodology for assessing threats related to different hardware weaknesses and the attacks that can exploit them. The methodology results in two key metrics: a threat metric that quantifies the num