IQVIA艾昆纬：2025年马来西亚的慢性阻塞性肺疾病白皮书（英文版）

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a progressive respiratory condition characterized by airflow limitation, represents a critical public health challenge in Malaysia. With an estimated prevalence of 6.1%, representing approximately 548,000 affected individuals, and an annual economic burden of RM 2.8 billion, COPD has emerged as the seventh leading cause of death in the country. The impact extends beyond direct healthcare costs, with affected individuals experiencing an average of