WHO世界卫生组织：2024年鼠疫监测诊断预防控制手册（英文版）

Plague has caused millions of deaths in pandemics over the past 2,500 years. Re-emerging in several countries during the 1990s, it is now considered a public health emergency due to its high outbreak risk. Plague is an acute bacterial infection caused by *Yersinia pestis*, with high mortality rates even though effective treatments exist, as outbreaks often occur in remote areas where diagnosis and care are challenging.The severe pneumonic plague outbreak in Madagascar in 2017 underscored the