国际教育成就评价协会（IEA）：2025年教师工作满意度：教师工作量、学校领导和学生纪律与教师工作满意度的国际证据报告（英文版）

Teacher shortages are a global issue. By 2030, an estimated 44 million additional primary and secondary teachers will be needed worldwide (UNESCO, 2024). This challenge affects many countries, including the United States, Australia, China, and England (Ingersoll, 2017). A lack of qualified teachers leads to larger class sizes, heavier workloads, and lower educational quality. Addressing this problem requires a range of solutions, and improving teacher job satisfaction is a key part of the res