CSET：2025年AI系统到模型创新车间的变革报告（英文版）

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly around large language models (LLMs), have made OpenAI’s Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs), Google’s Gemini, Anthropic’s Claude, and Meta’s Llama household names. The sequential releases of foundation models from a small number of big players tell a linear story of innovation, but history suggests a more complex narrative. Just as electricity in the Second Industrial Revolution would eventually spur more reliable and distri