日内瓦协会：2025年保险与长寿经济：百岁人生时代下的保障探索报告（英文版）

The global population has more than tripled since the 1950s, standing at over 8 billion in 2025. Whilst growth is slowing and fears of runaway expansion have subsided, new challenges have emerged: declining birth rates and ageing populations. Fertility rates have more than halved from five children per woman in the 1950s to the present day, with the world approaching a replacement level of 2.1. Global life expectancy has soared over the same period from 46 to 74 years, surpassing 80 in many O