国际教育成就评价协会（IEA）：2024年混合或不混合积极和消极的措辞项目白皮书（英文版）

I would additionally like to mention the related phenomena of acquiescence—“the tendency to choose responses stating agreement regardless of the content of the item” (Primi et al., 2019, p. 2)—and disacquiescence—“the tendency to choose responses stating disagreement regardless of the content of the item” (Primi et al., 2019, p. 2). (Dis-)Acquiescence indexes are often based on the degree of similarity of answers across a series of antonym pairs (e.g., Buchholz, 2022; Primi et al., 2019). In