欧洲原材料联盟（ERMA）：2021年稀土磁铁与电机产业：欧洲行动倡议报告（英文版）

The challenge: Rare earth elements are essential materials for Europe’s economy and green political agenda. They are used in various high-tech applications and are of particular strategic importance in magnets for electronics and communication devices and also in renewable energy, robotics, electric vehicles (EVs), as well as aerospace and defence applications. Strikingly, 95% of EVs use rare earth permanent magnet traction motors, because they provide the highest energy efficiency, which tra