世界银行：2025年水泥行业：能源效率和脱碳（EE&D）机会报告（英文版）

Cement is an important large-scale manufacturing industry that contributes nearly 1 percent to Pakistan’s gross domestic product (GDP) annually and accounts for an estimated 25 percent of all industrial primary energy consumption. Energy contributes 60 percent to the total cost of cement production, and cement manufacturing in Pakistan relies on coal as the primary source of energy. More broadly, cement manufacturing accounts for between 65 to 70 percent of industrial coal consumption and at