贝塔斯曼基金会：2025年公共人工智能（Public AI）白皮书（英文版）

Today’s most advanced AI systems and foundation models are largely proprietary and controlled by a small number of companies. There is a striking lack of viable public or open alternatives. This gap means that cutting-edge AI remains in the hands of a select few, with limited orientation toward the public interest, accountability or oversight. Public AI is a vision of AI systems that are meaningful alternatives to the status quo. In order to serve the public interest, they are developed under