光子盒：2023全球量子通信与安全发展前景量子年度系列报告（英文版）

To address the information security issues in the quantumera, varioustechnologies and products have emerged. Both physical -basedandmathematical-based methods aim to reduce the risks in transmittingexistingnetwork information. This chapter categorizes encryption technologies intophysical-based and mathematical-based, and analyzes the advancements madein 2022 in terms of technology, applications, and standards.