国际教育成就评价协会（IEA）：2025年国际大规模评估技术标准报告（英文版）

In the 25 years since the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) first published its technical standards (Martin et al.,1999), much has changed in the world of international large-scale assessment (ILSA), as the field has come to be known. There has been significant growth in such assessments, and corresponding increase in the number of countries participating in them (HernándezTorrano & Courtney, 2021; Addey, et al., 2017). Accompanying this growth