Rand兰德：2024如何、何时以及是否在不同情况下使用非致命武器报告（英文版）

Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) can be used to influence behavior by causing temporary, reversible effects, but there has been little analysis regarding how the U.S. Department of Defense could or should employ NLWs. This report draws on psychological and group-dynamic research to evaluate whether, when, and how to employ NLWs in different operational and strategic contexts. The authors analyze multidomain vignettes spanning gray-zone situations, civilian encounters, and combat. For each vignette,