学术论文

The EU’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), which formally came into effect on July 25, 2024, requires that large companies carry out comprehensive supply chain auditing to ensure that any risk of infringements to human righ...

We propose a new way to classify individuals without a bank account, accounting for their actual interest in being banked. Analogous to how unemployment statistics are defined and estimated, we differentiate the individuals that do not have a bank...

This paper examines the direct and spillover effects of cash transfers paid in a rural and low-income setting. In the short run, an unconditional cash transfer program for ultra-poor households in Northern Nigeria led to a 12 percentage point incr...

This paper estimates the magnitude of labor market scarring in a developing economy, a setting that has been understudied by the labor scarring literature dominated by advanced economies. The paper assesses the contributions of “stigma” versus “lo...

Achieving global net zero carbon emissions requires stopping deforestation and making full use of tropical forests as carbon sinks. Market instruments for the sale and purchase of emission outcomes coming from Reducing Emissions from Deforestation...

Google Earth Engine has transformed geospatial analysis by providing access to petabytes of satellite imagery and geospatial data, coupled with the substantial computational power required for in-depth analysis. This accessibility empowers scienti...

Most multidimensional poverty measures used in practice, including the global Multidimensional Poverty Index, are based on the adjusted headcount ratio. This paper shows that this poverty index provides perverse incentives. Policies that minimize ...

This paper evaluates Tunisia’s “Startup Act,” a policy initiative to foster innovative firms through a “start-up” label and a bundle of incentives, including reduced social security contributions, corporate tax exemptions, easier access to foreign...

The rapid evolution of the global economy, driven by digitization and modularization, has outpaced existing theoretical tools. This paper proposes a unified analytical framework for understanding the complexity of digital industries through the le...

Home visiting programs have demonstrated potential for tackling early deficits in children’s cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional skills, but little is known about their costs or how much the costs may vary across contexts. Using an in...

How do intrahousehold dynamics affect the investment of female entrepreneurs? This paper presents findings from a randomized controlled trial in Ghana that assesses the impacts of four alternative support mechanisms on women-owned businesses: (a) ...

This paper examines welfare disparities between in-camp refugees and host com- munities in Ethiopia, using data from the 2023 Socio-Economic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia. The analysis reveals significant welfare gaps between in-camp refugees and...

For achievement test scores to provide useful information about learning progress, differences in the implemented curriculum should affect student test-takers’ item responses. Test item scores are “instructionally sensitive” if they are affected b...

Most of the focus of recent stabilization policy research and practice has beenon monetary rather than fiscal policy. This paper argues that, given the limits onmonetary policy, fiscal policy should play a larger role. Because of the well-knownpro...

This paper adds to a growing body of evidence on the underlying determinants ofJe1dapandemic and postpandemic wage patterns by leveraging private-sector payrollRerecords from ADp Inc., a dataset that comprises more than 25 million employeesMeor ab...

A rough consensus has evolved around the causes of the COVID-era inflationary spike: the disruption in supply chains; the shift in demand from services to goods; the surge in commodity prices that followed Russia's invasion of Ukraine; and the...

This study examines how multinational enterprises (MNEs) structure ownership chains to coordinate subsidiaries across multiple national borders. Using a unique global dataset, we first document key stylized facts: 54% of subsidiaries are controlle...

This paper examines the economic impact of Artificial inteligence (Al) in Korea. Korea is amongthe global frontrunners in Al adoption, with higher adoption rates among larger, younger, and technologicallyadvanced firms. Al holds the promise for bo...

This paper explores why small area poverty estimates from models at the household level that only use aggregate data as covariates, exhibit systematic bias. The analysis demonstrates that this bias stems from the model’s inability to capture the c...