学术论文

The European debt crisis has brought about permanent changes in the Eurozone (EZ). The no-bailout rule was—de facto—removed, new institutions such as the ESM and the banking union were designed and partially implemented, new monitoring and surveil...

This paper discusses the introduction of new own resources to finance the EU budget. Currently roughly two thirds of the budget is financed from GNI-based own resources, which are essentially contributions made by the member states out of national...

Alongside a range of already well documented factors such as deindustrialization, technological progress and international trade, a series of recent empirical econometric studies show that immigration has contributed to the rise of extreme right-w...

This paper reviews the main theories of interest rate determination and studies the dynamics of the real interest rate in US. Using cointegration techniques we search for equilibrium relationships between the real interest rate, monetary factors a...

This policy report provides an overview of firm R&D support policies used by European countries, reviews the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these policies, and discusses implications for policy. Existing literature suggests that fi...

We examine how structural reforms relate to income inequality. We employ many indicators of structural reforms and use data for market and net income inequality. The dataset includes up to 135 countries since 1960. The results do not suggest that ...

基于网商银行与县域合作的独特数据，本文考察了数字普惠金融服务能否 助力共同富裕、通过何种机制发挥作用，以及发展何种类型的数字普惠金融更有利于社会 价值提升。研究结果表明：（1）网商银行运用数字技术为县域及农村地区提供的金融服 务，显著缩小了县域内部的城乡收入差距和县域之间的区域收入差距，即数字普惠金融有 助于推动实现共同富裕；（2）缓解流动性约束是数字普惠金融影响收入差距的主要作用机 制，提升信贷可得性（即流动性获取的可能性和规模）、提高信贷便利性（即流动性获取的 速度）和降低融资成本（即...

In settings where women’s land rights are informal, the death of a husband can severely limit a widow’s access to land and her ability to remain in her home—especially in the absence of a male heir. This paper examines whether large-scale land for...

Property registries have long been a pillar of state capacity and a basis for private market activity. While registry establishment and operation traditionally were costly and time consuming, digital technology makes low-cost registry operation an...

This study assesses whether the introduction of the GSIB surcharge requirement resulted in GSIBs reducing the systemic risk posed by their activities. We find limited evidence of GSIBs managing their activities to avoid increases in their surcharg...

Niger faces significant challenges to mobilize revenue, with one of the lowest tax revenue to GDP ratios in the region. This paper estimates the tax revenue gap, which reflects the difference between the actual and the potential tax revenue given ...

Labor productivity in Sweden is among the highest in Europe but has been experiencing a secular decline since the GFC, similar to trends in other advanced economies. Sweden’s strong performance is supported by a skilled labor force, a competitive...

Macroeconomics is arguably the most male-dominated field within the discipline of economics. Since the mid-1990s, feminist economists have thoroughly and meticulously challenged this field through empirical and theoretical analyses and proposed al...

In recent years, Albania has experienced a sustained appreciation of the domestic currency. This raises the questions of what factors are driving this appreciation and how to calibrate appropriate policy responses. Drawing on insights provided by ...

The transition to a vibrant economy under Oman Vision 2040 and the urgency to develop a more dynamic private sector that can absorb the entry of a young and educated labor force both stress the need to empower SMEs, which play a large role in supp...

Despite recent government-led initiatives to improve investor access and encourage participation by local businesses, capital markets in Oman remain relatively small and illiquid and the investor base remains dominated by domestic banks and pensi...

Over the past decade, the Albanian banking sector has undergone a remarkable transformation amid strong macroeconomic performance and sound financial reforms. Nevertheless, pockets of vulnerability remain, including some that were identified durin...

The prevalent strong preference for public sector employment among young Omanis, coupled with demographic pressures and medium-term fiscal sustainability objectives amid economic diversification away from hydrocarbons, underscores the urgency to p...

本论文调查了东南亚技术职业教育和培训（TVET）机构在第四次工业革命（IR 4.0）背景下对产 业数字化转型需求的响应。TVET机构在连接教育和产业之间发挥着至关重要的作用，通过为学 生提供适应不断变化的工作场所所需的实际技能。尽管在各种论坛上广泛讨论了这一主题，但关 于评估东南亚TVET机构对IR 4.0的当前采用和准备情况的研究仍然明显不足。为了填补这一空白 ，本研究开发了一个综合框架——智能教育准备指数（SERI），以评估TVET机构对IR 4.0的准 备工作。该框架借鉴了行业准备评...