麦肯锡：2024艰难的事情：驾驭能源转型的物理现实报告（英文版）

The global energy system is huge, complex, and fundamental to modern life. An average person consumes energy equivalent to 800 kilograms of crude oil a year.1 In terms of physical labor, that is equivalent to 60 people working every day and night nonstop—and double or triple that in the richest economies. Access to abundant, cheap, and reliable energy has supported growth and prosperity for billions of people. For all its benefits, however, the energy system is the source of more than 85 perc