未来能源研究所：2025年电力流第2部分报告：输电降低了美国的发电成本，但发电机激励措施并不一致（英文版）

The US electrical grid is experiencing a rapid transition as cheap renewable electricity transforms the energy mix. With these grid changes, new supply is not spatially matched to demand, and the transmission network has become more strained. Better market integration could thus lower US generation costs. This report estimates the excess generation costs associated with transmission congestion and other spatial constraints across the lower 48 states, as an extension of a 2024 report on the MI