美国国家科学委员会（NSB）：2025年美国研发活动与科研出版物报告（英文版）

U.S. and international research and experimental development (R&D) and one of its early results, research publications output, are important indicators of the performance of the U.S. science and engineering (S&E) ecosystem in a global context. 1 R&D contributes to economic output and productivity growth and supports national defense, cybersecurity, health, energy, physical infrastructure, environmental protection, and other national priorities (Baily, Bosworth, and Doshi 2020;