学术论文

Gender gaps in labor market outcomes persist in South Asia. An open question is whether supply- or demand-side constraints play a larger role. This paper investigates this using matched data from three sources in Lahore, Pakistan: representative s...

深度学习极大地推动了遥感图像处理技术的发展,在精度和速度方面展现了显著优势。然而,深度学习模型在实际应用中通常需要大量人工标注的训练样本,且其泛化性能相对较弱。近年来,视觉基础模型和大语言模型的发展为遥感图像处理的大模型研究引入了新的范式。遥感大模型也称为遥感基础模型,基础模型因其在下游任务中的卓越迁移性能而备受瞩目,这些模型首先在大型数据集上进行与具体任务无关的预训练,然后通过微调适应各种下游应用。基础模型在语言和视觉及其他领域已经得到了广泛应用,其在遥感领域的潜力也正逐渐引起学术界的重...

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for scaling language models efficiently by activating only a subset of parameters for each input token. In this report, we present dots.llm1, a large-scale MoE model that activat...

When the state does not reach with the same effectiveness everybody and everywhere, it creates pockets of exclusions and hampers the opportunities of individuals belonging to the excluded groups to participate fully economically, socially, and pol...

By launching this consultation, the Eurosystem is taking the first step towards a possible future extension to the operating hours of its T2 system. Although the operating hours of the Eurosystem’s real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system (T2) wer...

This article refines the concept of black swans, typically described as highly unlikely and catastrophic events, by clearly distinguishing between knowable and unknowable events. By emphasizing that black swans are “unknown unknowns,” the article ...

This paper presents an overview of how various labor market indicators differ across geography. While many indicators are often discussed in terms of national aggregates, such discussions obscure the large degree of variation that exists across lo...

We analyze evolution of inflation expectations in the euro area (EA) using a novel measure of inflation expectations implied by the French nominal and inflation-indexed bonds. Overall, we find that EA inflation expectations have been relatively we...

This paper examines the costs and benefits of using a straightforward county-level income definition in the classification and study of lower-income communities. A definition based on population-weighted distribution of county-level median househo...

Little is known about the extent and drivers of information flow within couples and whether spouses hold aligned expectations about the same outcomes. To provide new evidence, we conduct an online survey of 2,200 middle-aged married couples in the...

This study investigates the impact of demographic changes on real interest ratedynamics in Korea. We develop an open-economy life-cycle model that incorporatesKorea's high degree ofextemal openness to analyze historical trends and producelong-...

The global population is rapidly entering a so-caled “super-aged society,” inwhich individuals aged 65 and older account for over 20% of the total population.This phenomenon is driven by low fertility rates and increased life expectancy. Inparticu...

This note examines the transmission of credit risk of banks to the sovereign using the collapse of the Silicon Valley Bank in March 2023—an event that reverberated globally across banking sectors—as an exogenous shock to identify the effect. The f...

Money forms the backbone of the economy and financial system. To play this role, it needs to pass three key tests. First, it needs to be accepted by agents in the economy at par with “no questions asked”. This is often referred to as the “singlene...

This paper studies the distributional effects of monetary policy and its dependence on inflation. We document a novel dependency in the earnings heterogeneity channel of monetary policy using high-frequency, administrative tax data from eurozone m...

Abstract—The advent of autonomous vehicles has heralded a transformative era in transportation, reshaping the landscape of mobility through cutting-edge technologies. Central to this evolu tion is the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) an...

Former CIGI Senior Fellow Barry Eichengreen is the George C. Pardee and Helen N. Pardee Professor of Economics and Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught since 1987. He is a research associate...

WAEMU members’ trade openness, integration into global value chains (GVCs), and export diversification remain limited. Tariffs, non-tariff measures (NTMs, obstacles to trade that arise mainly from differences in national regulations), and a challe...

This paper introduces a classification framework to analyze central bank communications across four dimensions: topic, communication stance, sentiment, and audience. Using a fine-tuned large language model trained on central bank documents, we cla...